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Consistent with other roles in today's
corporation, management accountants have a dual reporting
relationship. As a strategic partner and provider of decision
based financial information, management accountants are
responsible to the business management team while at the same
time also have reporting relationships and responsibilities to
the corporation's finance organization. The activities
management accountants provide inclusive of forecasting and
planning, performing variance analysis, reviewing and monitoring
costs inherent in the business are ones that have dual
accountability to both finance and the business team. Examples
of tasks where accountability may be more meaningful to the
business management team vs. the corporate finance department
are the development of business driver metrics, sales management
scorecarding, and client profitability analysis. Conversely, the
preparation of certain financial reports, reconciliations of the
financial data to source systems, risk and regulatory reporting
will be more useful to the corporate finance team as they are
charged with aggregating certain financial information from all
segments of the corporation. One widely held view of the
progression of the accounting and finance career path is that
financial accounting is a stepping stone to management
accounting. Consistent with the notion of value creation,
management accountants help drive the success of the business
while strict financial accounting is more of a compliance and
historical endeavor.
Management Accounting is "the process of
identification, measurement, accumulation, analysis,
preparation, interpretation and communication of information
used by management to plan, evaluate and control within an
entity and to assure appropriate use of and accountability for
its resources. Management accounting also comprises the
preparation of financial reports for non management groups such
as shareholders, creditors, regulatory agencies and tax
authorities" (CIMA Official Terminology)
The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants(AICPA)
states that management accounting practice extends to the
following three areas:
*Strategic Management—Advancing the role of the management
accountant as a strategic partner in the organization
moving company.
*Performance Management—Developing the practice of business
decision-making and managing the performance of the
organization.
*Risk Management—Contributing to frameworks and practices for
identifying, measuring, managing and reporting risks to the
achievement of the objectives of the organization.
The Institute of Certified Management Accountants (ICMA), state
"A management accountant applies his or her professional
knowledge and skill in the preparation and presentation of
financial and other decision oriented information in such a way
as to assist management in the formulation of policies and in
the planning and control of the operation of the undertaking.
Management Accountants therefore are seen as the
"value-creators" amongst the accountants. They are much more
interested in forward looking and taking decisions that will
affect the future of the organization, than in the historical
recording and compliance (scorekeeping) aspects of the
profession. Management accounting knowledge and experience can
therefore be obtained from varied fields and functions within an
organization, such as information management, treasury,
efficiency auditing, marketing, valuation, pricing, logistics,
etc."
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